Mexico, migration in the region Latin american woman, between violence and abuse during the journey

the MEXICO CITY - According to a report by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) of the 250 million people who have crossed international borders, 52% are girls, adolescents and women. The overall trend sees an increasing feminisation of migration, especially in Latin America. For this, in the month of November, the member countries of the regional Conference on migration (CRM) have signed a document to guarantee the respect of human rights of migrant women, highlighting its potential as agents of change, not only for themselves but also for their families and their communities. But the sad because for years it has been the leitmotiv of many NGOS who are dedicated to the protection of women's human rights, it remains that more than half suffer violence during the journey to the place where they are travelling, so much so that many girls use contraceptive methods quotes to undertake the journey.

The Regional Conference on Migration. According to the CMR, the concept of violence in the region is made more problematic by the crime, from environmental disasters and violence, community and social factors that make it a multidimensional phenomenon and multicausale. According to the UN, Women, gender violence is the result of a complex socially, culturally, and institutionally constructed, which is part of the sexual dominance that establishes a masculinity where violence is the basis for being men, imposing the will and desires on the other, in this case, on women, which are formed as persons and self-employed persons, and in the context of migration the woman is subject to a continuum of violence transnationally.

Violence between the walls of the home. The interamerican Convention to prevent, punish and eliminate Violence against women, also known as the Convention of Belém do Pará, of 1994, of the Organization of american States (OAS) defines violence against women as any act or conduct, based on gender, which causes death, harm, physical, sexual or psychological in the public sphere as in private, specifying, in relation to the forms of violence, physical violence, sexual and psychological-against women often occurs within the same family.

The abuse during the trip . A report by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) and IOM finds that women migrants are more likely to be victims of violence if the migration occurs in an irregular way. In large part, is due to the organized crime that kidnaps people and migrants during the journey, and in the case of women often sexually abuse. The irregularity, then prevents access to justice, added to the fact that the measures of protection and social services are not adapted to the needs of migrant women. Of the murders total in the region it is estimated that at least 9.9 percent of the victims were women. Women's murders are among the most extreme forms of violence against human rights. It is observed that the highest rates of murders take place on the migratory route of the Northern Triangle central american to Mexico and the United States of America.

The economic exclusion. The situation of exclusion in economic, political and social which survives in the majority of the population in the region is manifested in the lack of jobs, access to education, and in the difficulty to meet the needs of the family: all factors that stimulate migration. The situation of need predisposes women to incurring in the risks of the journey. It is therefore necessary to provide lines of action to participate, with an integral perspective and with a humanitarian approach, in the migration process of women for this, ECLAC is powering the creation of a regional registry of the phenomenon of feminicide, which stimulates new and better public policies.

The Regional Conference on Women. The regional Conference on women in Latin America and the Caribbean is a subsidiary body of the economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), convened on the basis of permanent and regular, with a rate not to exceed three years, to identify the situation of the regional and sub-regional with regard to the independence and the rights of women, to submit recommendations for public policies on gender equality, conduct periodic evaluations of activities carried out in respect of the regional agreements and international and provide a forum for the debate on equality of gender. Next January in Santiago, Chile, international organizations and civil society will convene to develop a diagnostic and, consequently, to present proposals for action to governments to improve the condition of women in the region, and the topic of migration will be – once again - a priority.

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